During a recent Q&A session on Facebook we were asked about our opinion on solar. We love renewable energy sources, but can we afford them? The answer is YES, but note that that could be changing in the next months:
Timing and Incentives: Chinese production has driven the cost down to $2.50 for large installations, and less than $4 for small supplemental installations. Incentives have been going down, and the biggest one, a 30% federal tax credit, is scheduled to expire 2016. As a result some people even predict an increase in cost due to a sudden increase in demand over the next year.
Side note: Consider the remaining expected lifetime of your roof. The federal tax credit can potentially be applied to the whole system including re-roofing. If you have to un-install and re-install the PV system for future re-roofing, budget additional $3,000 for that work to be done. On the upside, metal roofs currently seem to bid competitively with asphalt roofs, and have a significant life expectancy.
Northwestern Energy (NWE) currently provides an incentive of $2,000 for a 2k (or more) Watt system (depending on local availability - Bozeman and Missoula have very limited allocations). When I talked to NWE today they mentioned that due to USDA’s public purpose funding re-allocations, this may be lowered down the road.
The State of Montana currently offers $500 per resident or $1,000 per household in tax credits for installing non-fossil forms of generation. There are low-interest loans available through the DEQ for up to $40,000 (3.25% , 10 years). Property taxes will not increase for the portion of the installation during the first ten years, while the lifespan should be 25 to 40 years. The Montana Renewable Energy Association provides further up-to-date information about various incentives, detailed project case studies including cost data, as well as detailed information by the Montana Energy and Telecommunications Interim Committee citing average cost data. The calculations below factor in electrical cost at current rates. Historically there has been a steady climb in electricity rates which if continued would make the scenarios below significantly more favorable towards Photovoltaics (PV).
Sizing
In our latitude, it is possible to yield approximate 1,500 to 2,400 kWh annually from a 1k Watt PV system, subject to local variations in weather and terrain. A less than optimal angle or solar orientation will decrease this number. PVWatts offers a quick online calculator that factors in location, angle, and available roof space.
Scenario 1: “Power my home”: The average American household consumes just under 11,000 kWh annually, while Northwestern Energy states an average of 8,000 kWh. To simplify we’ll assume an annual consumption of 10,000 kWh and assuming a $.11 for combined delivery and supply rate through NWE for a total of $1,100/year, or $84/month. Based on local yield rates, a 5k Watt PV system can potentially offset the entire home's energy use. Citing actual average cost from 24 Montana installations with a conservative estimate of $3.65 /per Watt installed, the cost would be around $18,250. Applying the incentives mentioned above, the cost drops to $11,499, or a financed monthly payment of $112. You may end up paying up to $30 more a month for the first ten years. If electricity costs continue to rise, that number may become zero, or even result in actual monthly savings. After these ten years you’re all set with energy for the remaining lifetime of your system (15-30 years, a value of $16,500 to $33,000 at current energy prices). Nice investment!
Scenario 2: “Energy Supplement”
Following the same assumptions from the example above, we’re looking at a 2k system with a potential 4,000 kWh production. This will save $400/year, or $33.33 a month. We’ll assume a higher cost of $4/Watt, or $8,000 before incentives and $3,500 after maxing out all current incentives. Financed, we’re looking at $34/month for ten years. A wash from day one! If you’re a long-term thinker, the remaining lifetime value after the pay-back is limited to $6,000 to 12,000 compared to the earlier example.
Side note: Most of this energy will be exported to the grid due to the difference between peak solar production (midday) and peak residential energy use hours (mornings and evenings/nights when people are home), with weekends and holidays being the exception, which makes Northwestern net-metering system an attractive offer, allowing your system to “deposit" excess power into the grid, and “withdraw” it when you actually need it. If you are off the grid, you would have to invest in additional battery storage to make your system work.
Ideally a home is designed around the use of solar power, therefore the loads are calculated and metered to ensure that the smallest PV system possible is required to meet annual loads. A stand-alone system the design needs to be geared towards peak loads, which can be influenced by time-of-day energy use, and will be different for a home that is occupied during the day (i.e. home office, stay-at home Mom), versus a home that sits empty during the day. For an existing home, such a system may be a less efficient due to limited space, obstructions, and orientation of the array. Before installing a PV system in an existing home, it is recommend that home owners first reduce the energy load. It is helpful to understand how energy is actually used within the home, as this may point to easy ("free") ways to reduce the overall load. Further energy savings with shorter payback periods may be found by installing more efficient appliances (i.e.high efficiency freezer), and improving insulation and weatherization by sealing air leaks (see www.energystar.gov for more ideas, $100 invested in weatherstripping may pay off in under a year!).
When you're ready to move forward with your PV system, a quick calculation by a reputable solar installation company will confirm how long it will take for the array to pay for itself in energy saved, with all current incentives applied.
Conclusion:
At the time of this writing incentives and pricing make the purchase of a PV system an attractive and economical option. Great Falls is blessed with sun and wind, and I encourage installation of a residential photovoltaic system as an opportunity for clean energy. In my architectural practice to design homes and communities I embrace opportunities that minimize the dependence on nonrenewable energy sources and instead incorporate smart design strategies and onsite generated energy as much as possible.
Authors:
Sophia Sparklin, AIA, LEED AP with Spark Architecture;
James Erickson, MArch, PhD with Architecture :⇔ design ∩ research ∩ environment
Additional Technical Details:
The ideal orientation is "true solar south", which is around 167 degrees. The ideal tilt angle is 40 degrees. A typical panel is 39" wide by 65" high, and weighs 2.5 to 3 pounds per SF. If you have lots of space poly-crystalline panels will be more economical, with limited space mono-crystalline panels will be more efficient on a smaller footprint. Last, pay close attention to the inverter. Most come with a warranty of 10 years, although some come with up to 25 years warranty. Inverters can impact the efficiency of your system significantly, especially in situations of partial shading. Some systems can be upgraded to serve as emergency power during grid failures, but the solution will look a lot different if you just need some light and a charger, or if you need to run several freezers. Thanks to Conor Darby at Onsite Energy in Bozeman for these additional tips!
Tuesday, October 6, 2015
Tuesday, August 11, 2015
Historical Treasure Hunt in Ft Benton, MT
What's better than designing a new building from scratch? Working with a beautiful old building! Just a few weeks ago I got to spend a beautiful summer afternoon in Fort Benton, Montana. After lunch at "Wakeup Cup" (highly recommended), I met up with a local building owner to walk and crawl through the 1912 J.J. McGraw Buidling. What a beautiful location downtown, overlooking the Missouri River where steamboats once finished their journey up the river. Like many historic buildings this one had experienced many lives and additions, with more than a few Wild West and Prohibition stories. Only a few years after starting as the J.J. McGraw Club it was turned into a theater, with a number of modifications. Currently we're on the quest to uncover as much of the original as possible.
Wanted: If you have any old pictures of Downtown Fort Benton in this era, or know of more stories about this building, please let us know!
Current Storefront:
Original Storefront?
Some hidden treasures from within the structure:
Wanted: If you have any old pictures of Downtown Fort Benton in this era, or know of more stories about this building, please let us know!
Current Storefront:
Some hidden treasures from within the structure:
And an old postcard (too far west to see this building)
Monday, July 1, 2013
"Architect seeks beer garden (client/owner) for Great Falls"
I may be biased through my German upbringing, with beer gardens in every village, on every farm, in every other back yard, on top of most castles, and along every lake, river, and creek. Beer gardens are generally family friendly, inviting the community to take a break. They feature simple but fresh menus, often with breakfast and lunch specials. There are garden elements such as trees, flowers, lawns or fountains, and it's common to have a play zone for little ones. Coffee drinks and "Saftschorle" (half juice, half soda water) are as common as the beverage giving these places it's name. Office workers cherish an outdoor lunch opportunity as much as weekend warriors.
As an architect, I wish I could wave my magic wand, and turn these environments into reality. To be honest, our powers turn out to be rather limited. We can design buildings, work with banks, builders, and owners to create or update a variety of spaces. But even the greatest space depends on organizations to own and operate them. Individuals such as owners of tenant businesses, chefs and service staff impact the overall success of a project as much as the architect. But even with all those in place, a space only comes to life with us, the community.
This post wouldn't be complete without reference to some of the places around town that already come close to the spirit of a beer garden. Machinery Row is a cool historic building on 202 2nd Ave S, and houses a number of tenants including a sandwich restaurant (Staggering Ox), a Pizza place in the works, as well as two bars. Tucked to the side, it features a great little side yard, that occasionally fills up with music and people, transforming it into a true beer garden. Visit some of their concerts or open mic nights, and you'll get a taste of it. The Front and MacKenzie River also offer nice outdoor seating areas.
What is your favorite outdoor eating or drinking spot in town? Where would you like to see a beer garden? Attached to your favorite restaurant, along the river, or overlooking one of our beautiful parks?
Check out a variety of outdoor dining environments, from tiny to plaza-filling, on our Pinterest site: http://pinterest.com/sparkarch/dining-environments/
Whether you have plans for a beer garden or something else, call us at 406.453.0001 , or email me at sophia@spark-architecture.com
Enjoy your summer,
Sophia
As an architect, I wish I could wave my magic wand, and turn these environments into reality. To be honest, our powers turn out to be rather limited. We can design buildings, work with banks, builders, and owners to create or update a variety of spaces. But even the greatest space depends on organizations to own and operate them. Individuals such as owners of tenant businesses, chefs and service staff impact the overall success of a project as much as the architect. But even with all those in place, a space only comes to life with us, the community.
This post wouldn't be complete without reference to some of the places around town that already come close to the spirit of a beer garden. Machinery Row is a cool historic building on 202 2nd Ave S, and houses a number of tenants including a sandwich restaurant (Staggering Ox), a Pizza place in the works, as well as two bars. Tucked to the side, it features a great little side yard, that occasionally fills up with music and people, transforming it into a true beer garden. Visit some of their concerts or open mic nights, and you'll get a taste of it. The Front and MacKenzie River also offer nice outdoor seating areas.
What is your favorite outdoor eating or drinking spot in town? Where would you like to see a beer garden? Attached to your favorite restaurant, along the river, or overlooking one of our beautiful parks?
Check out a variety of outdoor dining environments, from tiny to plaza-filling, on our Pinterest site: http://pinterest.com/sparkarch/dining-environments/
Whether you have plans for a beer garden or something else, call us at 406.453.0001 , or email me at sophia@spark-architecture.com
Enjoy your summer,
Sophia
Tuesday, January 29, 2013
What Great Falls craves (Part 2, independent restaurants)
Last Friday we asked the Great Falls Facebook community what restaurants they would love to see here. Four days later we received over 200 responses. We already reported your most wanted restaurant chains, so let's move on to suggestions for individual cuisines or independent restaurants.
Seventeen comments focused on the need for more good Mom and Pop shops; local ingredients, both produce and meats; and uniqueness and originality:
Amy G.:"We have a tremendous resource of food in our backyard, and restaurants don't utilize it. There's beef, chicken (I think if the market was there we'd have more smaller operations willing to supply them), lamb, and it looks like pork is finally coming around to being more available around here (...)"
Amy M. C.:"(...) Something fusion mixing modern elements with good ol' home cookin' (think steak meets exotic mushrooms in a gorgeous stack.) "
Bill S.: "I'd like to see the restaurants we have try to do a better job sourcing ingredients here in Montana and promoting it on their menus. Most of the time you can't even get a "Made in Montana" steak or burger in a steakhouse."
Brian N.: "(...) Good and local with a unique flair bring it on. (...)"
The most popular cuisines were:
1. Thai (8)
2. Italian (7) // over 40 if we count Olive Garden votes.
3. Fresh Seafood (6) // 28 if we count Red Lobster votes.
4. Indian (4)
5. Japanese (3)
6. Authentic BBQ (3)
7. Middle Eastern / Mediterranean (3)
8. Soup& Salad (2)
9. Raw / Organic/ Healthy (2)
10. Soul Food (2)
Other requests included fresh Mexican food, a juice bar, Moroccan, and Vietnamese food.
Share your comments on https://www.facebook.com/SparkArchitecture
Spark Architecture
Seventeen comments focused on the need for more good Mom and Pop shops; local ingredients, both produce and meats; and uniqueness and originality:
Amy G.:"We have a tremendous resource of food in our backyard, and restaurants don't utilize it. There's beef, chicken (I think if the market was there we'd have more smaller operations willing to supply them), lamb, and it looks like pork is finally coming around to being more available around here (...)"
Amy M. C.:"(...) Something fusion mixing modern elements with good ol' home cookin' (think steak meets exotic mushrooms in a gorgeous stack.) "
Bill S.: "I'd like to see the restaurants we have try to do a better job sourcing ingredients here in Montana and promoting it on their menus. Most of the time you can't even get a "Made in Montana" steak or burger in a steakhouse."
Brian N.: "(...) Good and local with a unique flair bring it on. (...)"
The most popular cuisines were:
1. Thai (8)
2. Italian (7) // over 40 if we count Olive Garden votes.
3. Fresh Seafood (6) // 28 if we count Red Lobster votes.
4. Indian (4)
5. Japanese (3)
6. Authentic BBQ (3)
7. Middle Eastern / Mediterranean (3)
8. Soup& Salad (2)
9. Raw / Organic/ Healthy (2)
10. Soul Food (2)
Other requests included fresh Mexican food, a juice bar, Moroccan, and Vietnamese food.
Share your comments on https://www.facebook.com/SparkArchitecture
Spark Architecture
What Great Falls craves (Part 1, Chains)
Last Friday we asked our local Facebook community what restaurants they would love to see in Great Falls. Four days later we received over 200 responses, and so far Olive Garden (OG) is the overwhelming winner (36 votes and counting). Red Lobster (RL), currently holding 22 votes as the close second.
The striking popularity (in absence) caused us to look a little closer: Darden Restaurants, the parent of both chains describes the Red Lobster brand as "the promise of a refreshing seaside dining experience", and Olive Garden, as "an idealized Italian family meal". The strategy seems to pay off. While the dining sector as a whole was struggling in recent years, Darden Restaurant stock keeps growing.
The bad news for fans of both brands is that they generally require trade areas between 100,000 (OG) and 125,000 (RL) people, so it may be worth considering a local seafood and Italian dining alternative. Consider that a much larger portion of local business profits stays in the community. But before we look at the local food wishlist, check out the remaining Top-Ten of chains:
Brittany B. commented that Famous Dave's (#3) and Five Guys (#16) will be here soon.
Other chains in order of popularity included:
-->
Make sure to check out our next post on local food requests, and share your comments on https://www.facebook.com/SparkArchitecture
Spark Architecture
The striking popularity (in absence) caused us to look a little closer: Darden Restaurants, the parent of both chains describes the Red Lobster brand as "the promise of a refreshing seaside dining experience", and Olive Garden, as "an idealized Italian family meal". The strategy seems to pay off. While the dining sector as a whole was struggling in recent years, Darden Restaurant stock keeps growing.
 |
| http://investor.darden.com/investors/stock-information/default.aspx |
| 3. Famous Dave's | 15 |
| 4. Texas Road House | 12 |
| 5. Chipotle | 10 |
| 6. Buffalo Wild Wings | 10 |
| 7. Chick-fil-A | 9 |
| 8. Dave'n'Busters | 8 |
| 9. Hooters | 8 |
| 10. Chuckecheese | 8 |
Brittany B. commented that Famous Dave's (#3) and Five Guys (#16) will be here soon.
Other chains in order of popularity included:
-->
| Cracker Barrel | 7 |
| Red Robin | 6 |
| Burger Master | 6 |
| Outback | 5 |
| Johnny Carino's | 5 |
| 5 Guys Burgers and Fries | 4 |
| Pf Changs | 4 |
| Joe's Crab Shack | 3 |
| Ihop | 3 |
| Cheesecake Factory | 3 |
| Zandy | 3 |
| Jack Box | 3 |
| White Castles | 3 |
| Panera Bread | 3 |
| Outback | 3 |
| Waffle House | 2 |
| Bubba Gump's | 2 |
| Dicks Hamburgers | 2 |
| Pizza Ranch | 2 |
| Souplantation | 2 |
Make sure to check out our next post on local food requests, and share your comments on https://www.facebook.com/SparkArchitecture
Spark Architecture
Friday, January 25, 2013
Is Great Falls a good place to open a restaurant?
You may not be interested in running a restaurant, but found yourself saying "I wish we had a (fill in the blank) restaurant". Both individually owned local restaurants and chain restaurants have to feel confident about profitability within a local market. In 2012 Great Falls ranked #246 nationally, 12.44 points above average.
In other words, if you wondered why national chain X isn't here yet, they have 245 other cities to go first. Amongst them are Missoula, Bozeman, Billings (which just saw a series of restaurants open), and Kalispell. Of course those chains have additional criteria such as special markets, available sites, traffic counts, and available liquor licenses.
The good news for local restaurants is that we still have 12.44 points of "untapped" potential. If our economy grows, we will see our ranking improve. If more restaurants come onto the market, it may drop, unless we start tapping into the Glacier-Yellowstone tourist flow, and increase local demand dramatically.
How do they come up with those ratings? The Journal "Restaurant Business" explains it in their April 2012 edition. In a few words, our local average income, existing number of restaurants, and population are compared to US averages. One-hundred is average, and the higher above 100 the more promising the market is to new restaurants.
Curious about the best towns to open up shop? Corbin, KY (the origin of KFC), and Key West, FL are top contenders! Go to http://www.monkeydish.com/ for more information.
Provided by Spark Architecture
 |
| Source: http://www.monkeydish.com/towns-with-potential/home; captured 1/25/2013 |
The good news for local restaurants is that we still have 12.44 points of "untapped" potential. If our economy grows, we will see our ranking improve. If more restaurants come onto the market, it may drop, unless we start tapping into the Glacier-Yellowstone tourist flow, and increase local demand dramatically.
How do they come up with those ratings? The Journal "Restaurant Business" explains it in their April 2012 edition. In a few words, our local average income, existing number of restaurants, and population are compared to US averages. One-hundred is average, and the higher above 100 the more promising the market is to new restaurants.
Curious about the best towns to open up shop? Corbin, KY (the origin of KFC), and Key West, FL are top contenders! Go to http://www.monkeydish.com/ for more information.
 |
| "Restaurant Business" Journal, April 2012, p.22 |
Provided by Spark Architecture
Thursday, January 24, 2013
Downtown Great Falls Master Plan
Following up on some of your comments on Facebook , I'd like to share some thoughts on Master plans, and reference specific information about our current Downtown Master Plan, adopted October 2011.
Master plans are a great way to build general guidelines, and incorporate comments from (extensive) public meetings into one handy document. The goals for our current Master plan could be paraphrased as a connected, flourishing Downtown, that serves as a local destination, offers more residential options, and improved aesthetics. Each of those goals has a set of objectives and implementation outlines, and yes, "Complete Streets" is mentioned more than once. It also lists a number of strategies to bring more life Downtown on evenings and weekends.
When new projects are proposed to the City, folks on the Planning Board, Commission, and City staff review them for general compliance with the plan. While additional public comment is usually required and encouraged, it allows the City to approve compliant projects with relative ease.
That being said, given limited public funds, any master plan heavily depends on residents, developers, and other organizations to bring it to life. Recognizing this, the current plan suggested the formation of a Downtown Developing Board including a variety of community stakeholders and groups. Late 2012 the "Downtown Partnership" was formed, hopefully channeling the energy and initiatives into more actual progress.
If you are interested in long term planning for Great Falls (beyond downtown), make sure to follow the growth policy update and events. Throughout 2012 the City has received ample citizen participation in formulating the new growth policy, which will guide Great Falls' long term direction and planning decisions.
Provided by Spark Architecture
 |
| The current Great Falls Masterplan can be downloaded at: http://www.greatfallsmt.net/sites/default/files/archives/records/minutes/yr2011/DTMP.pdf |
Master plans are a great way to build general guidelines, and incorporate comments from (extensive) public meetings into one handy document. The goals for our current Master plan could be paraphrased as a connected, flourishing Downtown, that serves as a local destination, offers more residential options, and improved aesthetics. Each of those goals has a set of objectives and implementation outlines, and yes, "Complete Streets" is mentioned more than once. It also lists a number of strategies to bring more life Downtown on evenings and weekends.
When new projects are proposed to the City, folks on the Planning Board, Commission, and City staff review them for general compliance with the plan. While additional public comment is usually required and encouraged, it allows the City to approve compliant projects with relative ease.
That being said, given limited public funds, any master plan heavily depends on residents, developers, and other organizations to bring it to life. Recognizing this, the current plan suggested the formation of a Downtown Developing Board including a variety of community stakeholders and groups. Late 2012 the "Downtown Partnership" was formed, hopefully channeling the energy and initiatives into more actual progress.
If you are interested in long term planning for Great Falls (beyond downtown), make sure to follow the growth policy update and events. Throughout 2012 the City has received ample citizen participation in formulating the new growth policy, which will guide Great Falls' long term direction and planning decisions.
Provided by Spark Architecture
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